Migraine - causes, symptoms and treatment methods

Most often, migraine is a painful headache and poor overall health. For the disease, various neurological disorders are characteristic:

• intolerance to loud noise;
• vomiting
• or nausea.

It is almost impossible to completely get rid of migraine symptoms, but they can be made less pronounced. Treatment also improves well-being and reduces cranial pain.

Migraine is a chronic disease with bouts of exacerbation. With an ailment, pain is observed in the orbital-temporal region. Intense headache has periodic repetitions and is accompanied by general weakness and drowsiness. Patients suffer from phono and photophobia - they can not tolerate loud sounds and light. The disease is complicated by psychological problems - patients are in constant fear that they are about to be overtaken by a migraine attack. It is noted that the development of migraine can be triggered by the genetic characteristics of the body and heredity.

Causes of Migraine

The disease is quite common, as medical practice shows. According to current medical statistics, about 14% of the world's population suffers from migraines. A migraine attack at least once bothered about 80% of people. Most often, representatives of the weaker sex complain of a headache. Doctors say that pregnancy and hormonal changes in the body affect the onset of seizures. With the onset of menopause in many women, migraine disappears.

Some people have seizures more often, others less often. The development of migraine is purely individual. The mechanism of the development of the disease is a strong spasm of the vessels. With it, a large number of neuropeptides enter the bloodstream. Substances together with serotonin cause stretching of the vascular walls. There is severe pain in the frontal part and temples.

The main causes of migraine are:

• pathology of the trigeminal nerve;
• hereditary predisposition;
• instability of the emotional background;
• severe stress;
• change in weather conditions;
• improper diet;
• the presence of chronic diseases.

Migraine can cause eating citrus fruits, foods high in sodium glutamate, chocolate, and caffeinated drinks. The feeling of hunger, as practice shows, also provokes the appearance of a headache. You should not take a long break between snacks, so as not to overtake an attack.

In women, some hormonal pills, as well as the presence of menstruation, can cause headaches. PMS often becomes the main cause of female migraine.

Especially often, a headache occurs in people who are prone to melancholy and have low stress resistance. To overcome migraine, you should stabilize your emotional background and be a mentally stable person. Headache often occurs against a background of various neurological disorders, neurosis, depression.

Symptoms of an attack

Typically, migraines are preceded by a certain condition. Feeling sick is manifested in the flashing of flies in front of the eyes, the appearance of flashes of lightning. Sometimes there are visual hallucinations or vision is lost. There comes a general weakness of the body, a feeling of chills, goosebumps, problems with speech. Of the vegetative symptoms observed:

• palpitations
• dizziness;
• flies in the eyes;
• noise in ears;
• sweating
• respiratory failure;
• tingling or burning sensation in the limbs.

This condition is called aura in medicine.Similar health problems are then accompanied by a severe headache. The attack itself takes place in several stages. Initially, the prodromal stage develops, after which an aura occurs, which is accompanied by a headache.

The prodromal stage of migraine can begin to develop a day before an acute headache. It also includes drowsiness, loss of working capacity, fatigue, a change in the thought process, the occurrence of dizziness. All these neurological features indicate problems in the functioning of blood vessels. Symptoms are nonspecific; therefore, they are difficult to associate with the oncoming migraine. However, if the aura is repeated repeatedly and at the same time is accompanied by pain in the temporal part of the skull, then you should think about the approach of the attack.

Pain during a migraine can change its location. The ailment is characterized by a throbbing pain. It can begin in one temple and overflow onto the forehead. Over time, the pain increases.

The main manifestation of the disease is the patient's inability to tolerate high loud sounds and bright light. They further increase the pain in the skull and provoke a deterioration in well-being. Painful sensations are often accompanied by dryness in the oral cavity, chills, fever, impaired urination. In some cases, the patient may faint or experience a faint. Health problems bring a person a lot of discomfort and discomfort. Headache becomes very painful and can last about 3 days.

Headache can also be accompanied by digestive disorders and stool disorders. Even after an attack, the body needs a lot of time to restore its functions and strength. Migraine is not only painful, but also has an extremely adverse effect on all human systems.

First aid for a migraine attack

When a headache begins to develop and weakness appears, you should comfortably sit in a soft comfortable chair, relax and perform a light head massage. Massage your forehead, temples, nape, neck. An ice bubble is required on the skull. Cold will help narrow the dilated vessels. A crumpled cabbage leaf is placed on the problem area. Its juice will help relieve pain. It is also necessary to drink sweet strong tea or coffee.

The above method is quite safe and can be used to eliminate migraines even during pregnancy. It is useful to learn some effective technique for complete relaxation and use relaxation during an attack. In a critical situation and not passing pain, you should take a pill for a headache. During pregnancy, you can use Paracetamol, which is non-toxic.

Physiotherapy

There are various approaches to headache therapy. Non-drug treatment includes:

• physiotherapy (exposure to ultraviolet light, diadynamic current, circular douche);
• laser therapy;
• psychological trainings and psychotherapy;
• massage;
• power and mode correction;
• acupuncture;
• hirudotherapy;
• coniferous baths.

Of particular importance in the elimination of migraine attacks is physiotherapy. This approach has a beneficial effect on the entire patient. Various methods are based on biocommunication. Physiotherapy helps to stabilize the tone of blood vessels.

Hydrotherapy procedures in the form of various baths help to eliminate migraine. Their therapeutic effect is the elimination of vasospasm, complete relaxation of the body, calming the central nervous system. Baths for migraine should be used for a long course and not to skip the procedure. It is necessary to draw warm water into the bath - 38 degrees. It has a powerful spasmolytic effect.In case of severe headache, you can take a bath, wash your hair and direct a stream of shower on the head, massaging it. You can add to the bath:

• decoction of calamus rhizomes;
• a decoction of cones and branches of pine or cedar;
• sage;
• motherwort;
• nettles;
• primrose;
• seaweed;
• lavender oil;
• sea ​​salt.

To prepare a bath, you need to prepare a decoction in advance. The raw materials must be crushed and brewed with boiling water, let it brew, and then pour into a bath with warm water. It takes about fifteen minutes to take the water procedure with complete relaxation of the muscles.

Massage and self-massage are another way to get rid of pain in the temporal and frontal parts of the head. If you intensively massage your fingers, the pain will begin to pass. Movement should begin with the thumb, and end the massage on the little finger. You can also massage the “collar” zone, nape, forehead, whiskey with circular smooth movements. Massage improves blood microcirculation and relieves vascular spasm.

Facial gymnastics helps with migraines. It helps to relax the right muscles and relieve pain. Perform facial gymnastics with migraines should be as follows:

• raise eyebrows and relax them;
• raise the left / right eyebrow one by one and lower it;
• wrinkle your nose and then relax your nostrils;
• yawn widely, slowly opening his mouth;
• close your eyes and turn the apples of the eyes under the eyelids;
• open your mouth and move your jaw;
• twist grimaces face.

After gymnastics, you should completely relax. You can take a pill for a headache - the main thing is to remain completely calm. Various relaxation techniques and yoga help migraines well.

In case of headache, an ice pack or a hot-water bottle can be applied to the problematic part. This will help relieve spasm. Ice eliminates the rush of blood to the head vessels and stabilizes the blood flow.

Acupuncture is a technique that many people treat for migraines. The procedure should be performed by a reflexologist. Acupuncture contributes to the complete relaxation of the necessary zones on the human body, which eliminates the headache. Needle stimulation is an effective treatment for psycho-neurological disorders and migraines. The needle stimulates nerve impulses, the central nervous system, the production of endorphins and hormones. Acupuncture is not dangerous and brings great help to the human body, relieving nervous tension.

Hirudotherapy is a method that is often used for hypertension and headaches. Leeches stimulate the production of blood, change its composition and improve its release into the bloodstream of useful substances. After a course of hirudotherapy, patients note a marked improvement in well-being, normalization of sleep and blood pressure, stabilization of the pulse, and the disappearance of headaches. However, hirudotherapy should be used 2 times a year.

Laser treatment of migraine is carried out using a special apparatus. Laser radiation neutralizes a paroxysmal attack, which is caused by a local violation of the microcirculation of blood in the head vessels. The laser acts on certain areas and relieves pain. Irradiation of the cervical vessels helps to eliminate stagnation in the blood and stabilize the patient.

Drug therapy

To eliminate a headache during an attack, taking some medications will help. To do this, take:

• agents - serotonin agonists;
• ergot alkaloids;
• non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs;
• analgesics.

Take the pill at the first sign of the onset of an attack. Immediately with the development of a headache, Ibuprrofen, Naproxen, Analgin are taken. To eliminate nausea, take Cerucal, Metoclopramide, Domperidone. The Askofen combination drug includes caffeine, which is a good painkiller. If the patient has vomiting, then a rectal suppository with an analgesic is injected into the anus.For this purpose, you can use the suppository Voltaren.

In a situation where analgesics do not have the desired therapeutic effect, triptans are taken. These medicines include:

• Zomig;
• Sumamigraine;
• Naratriptan;
• Immigrant;
• Ergotamine;
• Nominated.

Various preventative measures are used to prevent an attack and stabilize blood pressure. It is necessary to take adrenergic blockers, which stabilize blood pressure and prevent vasodilation. For this purpose, the doctor may also prescribe antidepressants, anticonvulsants, calcium channel blockers. As an auxiliary therapy, medications are used:

• Amitriptyline;
• Topiramate;
• Prozac
• Anaprilin;
• Cordaflex;
• Corinfar.

The use of preventive drugs is required to be minimized. The choice of the necessary medication in the treatment of migraine should be carried out by the attending physician. For unbearable headaches, medication and alternative treatment should be used in combination.

Folk remedies for migraine

There are several ways to reduce headaches:

1. Attach lemon or onion slices to the temples of the head. Keep until the pain disappears.
2. Put a compress of cabbage leaf on the problem area, bandage the head.
3. Inhale a mixture of apple cider vinegar and water (bring the product to a boil and breathe steam for several minutes).
4. Inhale the aromatic oils of lavender, pine, lemongrass.
5. At the beginning of the attack, use raw potato juice.
6. Take a bath with infusion of valerian root.
7. Make feet a hot bath of mustard.
8. Insert a swab soaked in raw onion or beetroot juice into the ear.

To prevent an attack and deterioration of health, it is recommended to regularly take decoctions and tinctures from medicinal herbs. Medicinal plants have long been used in the treatment of migraine. These infusions were not neglected to be treated by aristocrats and royal persons. Some effective recipes for treating migraine with herbs have come down to our days.

Helps to get rid of headaches spinach and dandelion. Raw materials should be mixed in equal parts, brewed and drunk a third of a cup three times a day. Well help stabilize the blood vessels juice of blueberries, black currants and carrots.

With a migraine attack, you can take this remedy: break a chicken egg into a glass with hot milk removed from the fire and drink the resulting cocktail.

Daily use of a coltsfoot decoction favorably affects the functioning of the vessels of the brain. The plant has the desired therapeutic effect and triggers the necessary mechanisms in the body to relieve headaches. To relax with migraines, decoctions of valerian, lemon balm, viburnum, clover are used. You can take a decoction of dogwood, rose hip and mountain ash.

Video: treatment for a migraine attack